Long Bones: Long bones are made primarily of compact bone, except at the ends (epiphysis) which has only a thin layer of compact bone covering a great deal of spongy bone.  Examples of long bones include the humerus and femur.  They are bones that are longer than they are wide.

Short Bones: These are bones shaped like the carpals and tarsals, and contain mostly spongy bone.

Flat Bones:  Examples of flat bones are those of the skull.  Contain spongy bone in between surrounding layers of compact bone.

Irregular Bones:  Examples are the vertebrae.

Sesamoid Bones: An example is the patella.  Sesamoid bones are enclosed in tendons.